Thermal Properties of Matter

Here we were heating a metal ring and a ball to show how heating a specific metal can expand. This is useful in real life situations.

Here we discussed the molecular structure of metal when heated. When we were asked the question "when the ball and ring are heated will they expand or shrink?" we concluded that the answer was a) bigger.

In this picture we see a real life example of a road way structure. They put metal in concrete in order to allow expansion and shrinking of concrete and this prevents cracking.

On the top half, we answered a question perviously asked, which was "why is the ring expanding faster outward than inward?" Answer: the atoms expand outward first because the ring that was heated caused the atoms to move faster and there is more room to expand outward. On the bottom half, we introduce a new idea of thermal expansion. Question: when heating a bar up what variables will the length depend on? ans: initial length, material, change in temp. We also wrote down an equation (Alpha) regrading this idea.

here we see professor Mason performing an experiment, he's evenly heating a metal strip that had invar on one side and brass on the other. Since invar has a low coefficient of expansion the metal bar bent to the right towards the invar side.

So Beta is thermal expansion with respect to volume as a function of time. He we said that the metal bar would bend to the right towards the invar side when heated.

Here professor Mason heated the metal strip in one place, the brass side. We see a more drastic bending motion, and this is for the same reason which is that invar has a lower coefficient of expansion.

Here he heated the metal strip and then. . . 

. . . stuck it in the cooler to cool it so that the metal can shrink.

Here we see that the metal strip bend towards the brass side.

The metal bent towards the brass side because of the same reason, brass will expand or shrink faster than invar.

In this next experiment, steam was produced in the metal canister. The steam traveled through the plastic tube which then heated the metal rod causing in to turn.

here we wrote down the given information along with the formula for thermal heat expansion.

After calculating the coefficient for thermal heat expansion, which was nineteen to the negative six radians per Celsius, we were asked if the value was true or not.

In order to find out if the value we calculated was true or not, I calculate the propagation of uncertainty by hand in this picture. I found that the value was valid bc the true value was between the range of my calculations.





In this experiment, we had a mixture of ice and water. We then heated it to until it plateaued. Here we drew a prediction of how the graph would look. 

Here one of our classmates is performing the experiment by stirring the mixture while its being heated.

This is the actual graph of the experiment, we see the gradual increase in temperature. The temperature plateaus at a couple or degrees below 100 degrees celsius. Water is suppose to start boiling at 100 degrees celsius and plateaus at this temperature as well. However, it was not the case in this experiment and we believe it was due to the calibration of the system. 

Here we wrote what we discussed about the heating of ice and water. After the graph plateaued, we found the slope to be 0.3945 celsius per second. 

We then took the derivative, to find the mass. We also discussed different types of errors, such as systematic, random, and catastrophic error. Never use the term "human error."

Here we calculated latent heat with the given information such as power, time and mass.

This is a graph from our notes that shows phase changes of water and ice.

Here we discuss different phases changes, including plasma.

Here we discuss latent heat, heat flow and phase changes. 

here we did an example of heat exchange and what we found was that it obeys the conservation of energy. 

in class, we did an example called water on the rocks and we were asked: If the system comes to equilibrium in such a way that all the water freezes and the final temperature is 0 ^oC, how much water was added to the vessel?. We found the answer to be 14.6 grams

This is our discussion of the ideal gas law, and characteristics of gases.

This is a picture of a manometer, which was used for this next experiment in which we measured gas pressure. Pressure is defined as the force per unit area.

This is us performing the experiment, and we see how far the water displaces.

Here we are asked, "what changes? how might you use this change to measure pressure?" We then wrote our formulas and their  relationships for density which is mass per unit volume, and pressure.

Here we calculated the pressure of a column of liquid, which was 539 pascals.